Answer
If the actual argument is a variable (for example, the first argument to
EXAMPLE), then the corresponding dummy argument is just another name for the
actual argument. Any change to the dummy argument will result in an immediate
change in the actual argument.
If the actual argument is not a variable (for example, the second argument to
EXAMPLE), then the dummy argument takes on the value of the actual argument but
is thereafter completely independent. Changes to the dummy argument will not
affect the actual argument.
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