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The shading model for lit-tensors is based on the Blinn-Phong shading
model. Its not important to go through every factor here, but there
are three terms: ambient, diffuse, and specular. We should note that
the directiffonal parts, the diffuse and specular terms, both depend on
a dot product with N, the surface normal. How do you do that in
lit-lines, where there is really a whole family of normals? Instead
of having to find some particular normal to plug into the shading
equation, you can use the tangent direction T, and then by
Pythagorus's theorem you can express the dot product with N in terms
of T. With a tensor, if its anisotropic, the third eigenvalue will be
small, and the direction of the first two eigenvectors can be treated
as analogous to tangent directions. In the linear case, only e_1
matters, and in the planar case, e_1 and e_2 matter equally. So how
do we vary the contributions of the two eigenvectors based on the
anisotropy?