Tone mapping scales the RGB values of an image, which might
be too bright or too dark to be displayed.
This is done by finding the tonal range of the output image which is
based on the scene’s “key value” or “neutral value”.
The log-average luminance is calculated which is used as the key of the
scene. The image is then scaled using
this log-average and alpha. Alpha determines the brightness or darkness of the
image. Below is an image without using any tone mapping and is followed by two
images which uses tone mapping. The alpha corresponding to the images is given.

After
Tone Mapping (alpha = 0.18):

Alpha is 0.40:
