Contents

I  Design and Organization
1 Introduction
 1.1 Goals and Scope
 1.2 Road Map
  1.2.1 Interfaces
  1.2.2 Function Libraries
  1.2.3 Component Libraries
 1.3 Overall Design Principles
 1.4 Configuring the OSKit
 1.5 Building the OSKit
 1.6 Using the OSKit
  1.6.1 Example Kernels
  1.6.2 Booting Kernels
  1.6.3 Command line arguments
2 Execution Environments
 2.1 Introduction
 2.2 Pure Model
 2.3 Impure Model
 2.4 Blocking Model
 2.5 Interruptible Blocking Model
  2.5.1 Use in multiprocessor kernels
  2.5.2 Use in preemptive kernels
  2.5.3 Use in multiple-interrupt-level kernels
  2.5.4 Use in interrupt-model kernels
II  Interfaces
3 Introduction to OSKit Interfaces
 3.1 Header File Conventions
  3.1.1 Basic Structure
  3.1.2 Namespace Cleanliness
 3.2 Common Header Files
  3.2.1 boolean.h: boolean type definitions
  3.2.2 compiler.h: compiler-specific macro definitions
  3.2.3 config.h: OSKit configuration-specific definitions
  3.2.4 machine/types.h: basic machine-dependent types
  3.2.5 types.h: basic machine-independent types
4 The Component Object Model
 4.1 Objects and Interfaces
  4.1.1 Interface Inheritance and the IUnknown Interface
  4.1.2 Querying for Interfaces
  4.1.3 Reference Counting
 4.2 Reference and Memory Management Conventions
 4.3 Error Handling
 4.4 Binary Issues
  4.4.1 Interface Structure
  4.4.2 Calling Conventions
 4.5 Source Issues
 4.6 COM Header Files
  4.6.1 com.h: basic COM types and constants
  4.6.2 error.h: error codes used in the OSKit COM interfaces
 4.7 oskit_iunknown: base interface for all COM objects
  4.7.1 query: Query for a different interface to the same object
  4.7.2 addref: Increment an interface’s reference count
  4.7.3 release: Release a reference to an interface
 4.8 oskit_stream: standard interface for byte stream objects
  4.8.1 read: Read from this stream, starting at the seek pointer
  4.8.2 write: Write to this stream, starting at the seek pointer
  4.8.3 seek: Change the seek pointer of this stream
  4.8.4 setsize: Set the size of this object
  4.8.5 copyto: Copy data from this object to another stream object
  4.8.6 commit: Commit all changes to this object
  4.8.7 revert: Revert to last committed version of this object
  4.8.8 lockregion: Lock a region of this object
  4.8.9 unlockregion: Unlock a region of this object
  4.8.10 stat: Get attributes of this object
  4.8.11 clone: Create a new stream object for the same underlying object
 4.9 oskit_listener: callback interface for event notification
  4.9.1 create: Create a new listener object
  4.9.2 notify: Inform a listener that an event of interest has occurred
 4.10 oskit_listener_mgr: Interface for managing multiple listeners
  4.10.1 create: Create a listener manager instance
  4.10.2 destroy: Destroy a listener manager instance
  4.10.3 add: Add a listener to a manager
  4.10.4 remove: Remove a listener from a manager
  4.10.5 notify: Notify all listeners associated with a manager
  4.10.6 count: Return the number of listeners associated with a manager
5 Interface Registration
 5.1 oskit_services: registration database
  5.1.1 addservice: Register an interface in the services registry
  5.1.2 remservice: Unregister a previously registered interface
  5.1.3 lookup: Obtain a list of all COM interfaces registered for an IID
  5.1.4 lookup_first: Obtain the first COM interface registered for an IID
  5.1.5 create: Create a new services database object
 5.2 Global Registry
  5.2.1 oskit_register: Register an interface in the services registry
  5.2.2 oskit_unregister: Unregister a previously registered interface
  5.2.3 oskit_lookup: Obtain a list of all COM interfaces registered for an IID
  5.2.4 oskit_lookup_first: Obtain the first COM interface registered for an IID
6 Synchronization Interfaces
 6.1 oskit_lock: Thread-safe lock interface
  6.1.1 lock: Lock a lock
  6.1.2 lock: Unlock a lock
 6.2 oskit_condvar: Condition variable interface
  6.2.1 wait: Wait on a condition variable
  6.2.2 signal: Signal a condition variable
  6.2.3 broadcast: Broadcast a condition variable
 6.3 oskit_lock_mgr: Lock manager: Interface for creating locks and condition variables
  6.3.1 allocate_lock: Allocate a thread-safe lock
  6.3.2 allocate_critical_lock: Allocate a critical thread-safe lock
  6.3.3 allocate_condvar: Allocate a condition variable
7 Input/Output Interfaces
 7.1 oskit_absio: Absolute I/O Interface
  7.1.1 read: Read from this object, starting at specified offset
  7.1.2 write: Write to this object, starting at specified offset
  7.1.3 getsize: Get the size of this object
  7.1.4 setsize: Set the size of this object
 7.2 oskit_asyncio: Asynchronous I/O Interface
  7.2.1 poll: Poll for pending asynchronous I/O conditions on this object
  7.2.2 add_listener: Associate a callback with this object
  7.2.3 remove_listener: Disassociate a callback from this object
  7.2.4 readable: Return the number of bytes available for reading from this object
 7.3 oskit_blkio: Block I/O Interface
  7.3.1 getblocksize: Return the minimum block size of this block I/O object
  7.3.2 read: Read from this object, starting at specified offset
  7.3.3 write: Write to this object, starting at specified offset
  7.3.4 getsize: Get the size of this object
  7.3.5 setsize: Set the size of this object
 7.4 oskit_bufio: Buffer-based I/O interface
  7.4.1 map: Map some or all of this buffer into locally accessible memory
  7.4.2 unmap: Release a previously mapped region of this buffer
  7.4.3 wire: Wire a region of this buffer into contiguous physical memory
  7.4.4 unwire: Unwire a previously wired region of this buffer
  7.4.5 copy: Create a copy of the specified portion of this buffer
 7.5 oskit_netio: Network packet I/O interface
  7.5.1 push: Push a packet through to the packet consumer
 7.6 oskit_posixio: POSIX I/O interface
  7.6.1 stat: Get attributes of this object
  7.6.2 setstat: Set the attributes of this object
  7.6.3 pathconf: Get value of a configuration option variable
 7.7 oskit_ttystream: Interface to Unix TTY-like streams
  7.7.1 getattr: Get the stream’s current TTY attributes
  7.7.2 setattr: Set the stream’s TTY attributes
  7.7.3 sendbreak: Send a break signal
  7.7.4 drain: Wait until all buffered output has been transmitted
  7.7.5 flush: Discared buffered input and/or output data
  7.7.6 flow: Suspend or resume data transmission or reception
8 OSKit Device Driver (OS Environment) Framework
 8.1 Introduction
  8.1.1 Full versus partial compliance
 8.2 Organization
 8.3 Driver Sets
 8.4 Execution Model
  8.4.1 Use in out-of-kernel, user-mode device drivers
 8.5 Performance
 8.6 Device Driver Initialization
 8.7 Device Classification
 8.8 Buffer Management
 8.9 Asynchronous I/O
 8.10 Other Considerations
 8.11 Common Device Driver Interface
  8.11.1 dev.h: common device driver framework definitions
 8.12 Driver Memory Allocation
  8.12.1 osenv_memflags_t: memory allocation flags
  8.12.2 osenv_mem_alloc: allocate memory for use by device drivers
  8.12.3 osenv_mem_free: free memory allocated with osenv_mem_alloc
  8.12.4 osenv_mem_get_phys: find the physical address of an allocated block
  8.12.5 osenv_mem_get_virt: find the virtual address of an allocated block
  8.12.6 osenv_mem_phys_max: find the largest physical memory address
  8.12.7 osenv_mem_map_phys: map physical memory into kernel virtual memory
 8.13 DMA
  8.13.1 osenv_isadma_alloc: Reserve a DMA channel
  8.13.2 osenv_isadma_free: Release a DMA channel
 8.14 I/O Ports
  8.14.1 osenv_io_avail: Check availability of a range of ports
  8.14.2 osenv_io_alloc: Allocate a range of ports
  8.14.3 osenv_io_free: Release a range of ports
 8.15 Hardware Interrupts
  8.15.1 osenv_intr_disable: prevent interrupts in the driver environment
  8.15.2 osenv_intr_enable: allow interrupts in the driver environment
  8.15.3 osenv_intr_enabled: determine the current interrupt enable state
  8.15.4 osenv_intr_save_disable: disable interrupts and return the former state
  8.15.5 osenv_irq_alloc: allocate an interrupt request line
  8.15.6 osenv_irq_free: Unregister the handler for the interrupt
  8.15.7 osenv_irq_disable: Disable a single interrupt line
  8.15.8 osenv_irq_enable: Enable a single interrupt line
  8.15.9 osenv_irq_pending: Determine if an interrupt is pending for a single line
 8.16 Sleep/Wakeup
  8.16.1 osenv_sleep_init: prepare to put the current process to sleep
  8.16.2 osenv_sleep: put the current process to sleep
  8.16.3 osenv_wakeup: wake up a sleeping process
 8.17 Driver-Kernel Interface: Timing
  8.17.1 osenv_timer_init: Initialize the timer support code
  8.17.2 osenv_timer_register: Request a timer handler be called at the specified frequency
  8.17.3 osenv_timer_unregister: Request a timer handler not be called
  8.17.4 osenv_timer_spin: Wait for a specified amount of time without blocking.
 8.18 Misc
  8.18.1 osenv_vlog: OS environment’s output routine
  8.18.2 osenv_log: OS environment’s output routine
  8.18.3 osenv_vpanic: Abort driver set operation
  8.18.4 osenv_panic: Abort driver set operation
 8.19 Device Registration
 8.20 Block Storage Device Interfaces
 8.21 Serial Device Interfaces
 8.22 Driver-Kernel Interface: (X86 PC) ISA device registration
  8.22.1 osenv_isabus_addchild: add a device node to an ISA bus
  8.22.2 osenv_isabus_remchild: remove a device node from an ISA bus
9 OSKit File System Framework
 9.1 Introduction
 9.2 oskit_principal: Principal Interface
  9.2.1 getid: Get the identity attributes of this principal
 9.3 oskit_filesystem: File System Interface
  9.3.1 statfs: Get attributes of this filesystem
  9.3.2 sync: Synchronize in-core filesystem data with permanent storage
  9.3.3 getroot: Return a reference to the root directory of this filesystem
  9.3.4 remount: Update the mount flags of this filesystem
  9.3.5 unmount: Forcibly unmount this filesystem
  9.3.6 lookupi: Lookup a file by inode number
 9.4 oskit_file: File Interface
  9.4.1 sync: Write this file’s data and metadata to permanent storage
  9.4.2 datasync: Write this file’s data to permanent storage
  9.4.3 access: Check accessibility of this file
  9.4.4 readlink: Read the contents of this symbolic link
  9.4.5 open: Create an open instance of this file
  9.4.6 getfs: Get the filesystem in which this file resides
 9.5 oskit_dir: Directory Interface
  9.5.1 lookup: Look up a file in this directory
  9.5.2 create: Create a regular file in this directory
  9.5.3 link: Link a file into this directory
  9.5.4 unlink: Unlink a file from this directory
  9.5.5 rename: Rename a file from this directory
  9.5.6 mkdir: Create a subdirectory in this directory
  9.5.7 rmdir: Remove a subdirectory from this directory
  9.5.8 getdirentries: Read one or more entries from this directory
  9.5.9 mknod: Create a special file node in this directory
  9.5.10 symlink: Create a symbolic link in this directory
  9.5.11 reparent: Create a virtual directory from this directory
 9.6 oskit_openfile: Open File Interface
  9.6.1 getfile: Get the underlying file object to which this open file refers
 9.7 Dependencies on the Client Operating System
  9.7.1 oskit_get_call_context: Get the caller’s context
10 OSKit Networking Framework
 10.1 Introduction
 10.2 oskit_socket: Socket Interface
  10.2.1 oskit_socket_factory_t: socket factories
  10.2.2 accept: accept a connection on a socket
  10.2.3 bind: bind a name to a socket
  10.2.4 connect: initiate a connection on a socket
  10.2.5 shutdown: shut down part of a full-duplex connection
  10.2.6 listen: listen for connections on a socket
  10.2.7 getsockname: get socket name
  10.2.8 getpeername: get name of connected peer
  10.2.9 getsockopt: get options on sockets
  10.2.10 setsockopt: set options on sockets
  10.2.11 recvfrom, recvmsg: receive a message from a socket
  10.2.12 sendto, sendmsg: send a message from a socket
11 Flask Security Framework
 11.1 flask_types.h: basic Flask types and constants
 11.2 oskit_security: Security Server Interface
  11.2.1 compute_av: Compute access vectors
  11.2.2 notify_perm: Notify of completed operations
  11.2.3 transition_sid: Compute a SID for a new object
  11.2.4 member_sid: Compute a SID for a member object
  11.2.5 sid_to_context: Obtain the security context for a given SID
  11.2.6 context_to_sid: Obtain the SID for a given security context
  11.2.7 register_avc: Register an AVC component for policy change notifications
  11.2.8 unregister_avc: Unregister an AVC component
  11.2.9 load_policy: Load a new policy configuration
  11.2.10 fs_sid: Obtain SIDs for an unlabeled file system
  11.2.11 port_sid: Obtain the SID for a port number
  11.2.12 netif_sid: Obtains SIDs for a network interface
  11.2.13 node_sid: Obtains the SID for a network node
 11.3 oskit_avc: AVC Interface
  11.3.1 has_perm_ref: Check permissions
  11.3.2 notify_perm_ref: Notify of completed operations
  11.3.3 add_callback: Register a callback for a policy change event
  11.3.4 remove_callback: Remove a previously registered callback
  11.3.5 log_contents: Log the contents of the AVC
  11.3.6 log_stats: Log the AVC usage statistics
 11.4 oskit_avc_ss: AVC Interface for the Security Server
  11.4.1 grant: Grant previously denied permissions
  11.4.2 try_revoke: Try to revoke previously granted permissions
  11.4.3 revoke: Revoke previously granted permissions
  11.4.4 reset: Reset the cache and recheck all retained permissions
  11.4.5 set_auditallow: Enable or disable the auditing of granted permissions
  11.4.6 set_auditdeny: Enable or disable the auditing of denied permissions
  11.4.7 set_notify: Enable or disable the notification of used permissions
12 Miscellaneous OSKit Interfaces
 12.1 oskit_random: Interface for random number generators
  12.1.1 create: Create a new pseudo-random number generator
  12.1.2 random: Produce a pseudo-random number
  12.1.3 srandom: Seed a pseudo-random number generator
III  Function Libraries
13 “Client OS” Library: liboskit_clientos.a
 13.1 Introduction
 13.2 Initialization
  13.2.1 oskit_clientos_init: Initialize the client operating system library
  13.2.2 oskit_clientos_sethostname: Set the hostname
  13.2.3 oskit_clientos_setfsnamespace: Set the filesystem namespace
 13.3 C Library Environment
  13.3.1 getfsnamespace: Get the filesystem namespace
  13.3.2 setfsnamespace: Set the filesystem namespace
  13.3.3 gethostname: Get the system hostname
  13.3.4 sethostname: Set the system hostname
  13.3.5 exit: Call the exit function
  13.3.6 setexit: Set the exit function
  13.3.7 getconsole: Get and the console stream object
  13.3.8 setconsole: Set the console stream object
  13.3.9 signals_init: Call the signal initialization function
  13.3.10 setsiginit: Set the signal initialization function
  13.3.11 sleep_init: Initialize a sleep record for the sleep/wakeup interface
  13.3.12 sleep: Sleep until awakened
  13.3.13 wakeup: Wakeup a sleeping thread
  13.3.14 clone: Make a copy of an oskit_libcenv object
 13.4 Memory Interface
  13.4.1 alloc: Allocate a chunk of memory
  13.4.2 realloc: Reallocate a chunk of memory
  13.4.3 alloc_aligned: Allocate a chunk of memory subject to alignment constraints
  13.4.4 free: Free a chunk of memory
  13.4.5 getsize: Inquire about the size of a chunk of memory
  13.4.6 alloc_gen: Allocate a chunk of memory with general constraints
  13.4.7 avail: Return the amount of free memory
14 Minimal C Library: liboskit_c.a
 14.1 Introduction
 14.2 POSIX Interface
 14.3 Unsupported Features
 14.4 Header Files
  14.4.1 a.out.h: semi-standard a.out file format definitions
  14.4.2 alloca.h: explicit stack-based memory allocation
  14.4.3 assert.h: program diagnostics facility
  14.4.4 ctype.h: character handling functions
  14.4.5 errno.h: error numbers
  14.4.6 fcntl.h: POSIX low-level file control
  14.4.7 float.h: constants describing floating-point types
  14.4.8 limits.h: architecture-specific limits
  14.4.9 malloc.h: memory allocator definitions
  14.4.10 math.h: floating-point math functions and constants
  14.4.11 netdb.h: definitions for network database operations
  14.4.12 setjmp.h: nonlocal jumps
  14.4.13 signal.h: signal handling
  14.4.14 stdarg.h: variable arguments
  14.4.15 stddef.h: common definitions
  14.4.16 stdio.h: standard input/output
  14.4.17 stdlib.h: standard library functions
  14.4.18 string.h: string handling functions
  14.4.19 strings.h: string handling functions (deprecated)
  14.4.20 sys/gmon.h: GNU profiling support definitions
  14.4.21 sys/ioctl.h: I/O control definitions
  14.4.22 sys/mman.h: memory management and mapping definitions
  14.4.23 sys/param.h: system parameters
  14.4.24 sys/reboot.h: reboot definitions (deprecated)
  14.4.25 sys/signal.h: signal handling (deprecated)
  14.4.26 sys/stat.h: file operations
  14.4.27 sys/termios.h: terminal handling functions and definitions (deprecated)
  14.4.28 sys/time.h: timing functions
  14.4.29 sys/types.h: general POSIX types
  14.4.30 sys/wait.h: a POSIX wait specification
  14.4.31 termios.h: terminal handling functions and definitions
  14.4.32 unistd.h: POSIX standard symbolic constants
  14.4.33 utime.h: file times
  14.4.34 sys/utsname.h: system identification
 14.5 Memory Allocation
  14.5.1 malloc_lmm: LMM pool used by the default memory allocation functions
  14.5.2 malloc: allocate uninitialized memory
  14.5.3 mustmalloc: allocate uninitialized memory and panic on failure
  14.5.4 memalign: allocate aligned uninitialized memory
  14.5.5 calloc: allocate cleared memory
  14.5.6 mustcalloc: allocate cleared memory and panic on failure
  14.5.7 realloc: change the size of an existing memory block
  14.5.8 free: release an allocated memory block
  14.5.9 smalloc: allocated uninitialized memory with explicit size
  14.5.10 smemalign: allocate aligned memory with explicit size
  14.5.11 sfree: release a memory block with explicit size
  14.5.12 mallocf: allocate uninitialized memory with explicit LMM flags
  14.5.13 memalignf: allocate aligned uninitialized memory with explict LMM flags
  14.5.14 smallocf: allocated uninitialized memory with explicit size and LMM flags
  14.5.15 smemalignf: allocate aligned memory with explicit size and LMM flags
  14.5.16 morecore: add memory to malloc memory pool
  14.5.17 mem_lock: Lock access to malloc memory pool
  14.5.18 mem_unlock: Unlock access to malloc memory pool
 14.6 Standard I/O Functions
 14.7 Initialization
  14.7.1 oskit_init_libc: Load the OSKit C library
  14.7.2 oskit_init_libc: Initialize the OSKit C library
 14.8 Termination Functions
  14.8.1 exit: terminate normally
  14.8.2 abort: terminate abnormally
  14.8.3 panic: terminate abnormally with an error message
 14.9 Miscellaneous Functions
  14.9.1 hexdump: print a buffer as a hexdump
  14.9.2 sigcontext_dump: dump machine specific sigcontext structure
15 Kernel Support Library: liboskit_kern.a
 15.1 Introduction
  15.1.1 Machine-dependence of code and interfaces
  15.1.2 Generic versus Base Environment code
  15.1.3 Road Map
 15.2 Machine-independent Facilities
  15.2.1 page.h: Page size definitions
  15.2.2 spin_lock.h: Spin locks
  15.2.3 queue.h: Generic queues
  15.2.4 debug.h: debugging support facilities
  15.2.5 base_critical: simple critical section support
 15.3 (X86) Generic Low-level Definitions
  15.3.1 asm.h: assembly language support macros
  15.3.2 eflags.h: Processor flags register definitions
  15.3.3 proc_reg.h: Processor register definitions and accessor functions
  15.3.4 debug_reg.h: Debug register definitions and accessor functions
  15.3.5 fp_reg.h: Floating point register definitions and accessor functions
  15.3.6 far_ptr.h: Far (segment:offset) pointers
  15.3.7 pio.h: Programmed I/O functions
  15.3.8 seg.h: Segment descriptor data structure definitions and constants
  15.3.9 gate_init.h: Gate descriptor initialization support
  15.3.10 trap.h: Processor trap vectors
  15.3.11 paging.h: Page translation data structures and constants
  15.3.12 tss.h: Processor task save state structure definition
 15.4 (X86 PC) Generic Low-level Definitions
  15.4.1 irq_list.h: Standard hardware interrupt assignments
  15.4.2 pic.h: Programmable Interrupt Controller definitions
  15.4.3 keyboard.h: PC keyboard definitions
  15.4.4 rtc.h: NVRAM Register locations
 15.5 (X86) Processor Identification and Management
  15.5.1 cpu_info: CPU identification data structure
  15.5.2 cpuid: identify the current CPU
  15.5.3 cpu_info_format: output a cpu_info structure in ASCII form
  15.5.4 cpu_info_min: return the minimum feature set of two CPU information structures
  15.5.5 cpu_info_dump: pretty-print a CPU information structure to the console
  15.5.6 i16_enter_pmode: enter protected mode
  15.5.7 i16_leave_pmode: leave protected mode
  15.5.8 paging_enable: enable page translation
  15.5.9 paging_disable: disable page translation
  15.5.10 gate_init: install gate descriptors
 15.6 (X86) Base Environment
  15.6.1 Memory Model
  15.6.2 base_vm.h: definitions for the base virtual memory environment
  15.6.3 base_cpu_setup: initialize and activate the base CPU environment
  15.6.4 base_cpu_init: initialize the base environment data structures
  15.6.5 base_cpu_load: activate the base processor execution environment
  15.6.6 base_cpuid: global variable describing the processor
  15.6.7 base_stack.h: default kernel stack
 15.7 (X86) Base Environment: Segmentation Support
  15.7.1 base_gdt: default global descriptor table for the base environment
  15.7.2 base_gdt_init: initialize the base GDT to default values
  15.7.3 base_gdt_load: load the base GDT into the CPU
  15.7.4 base_idt: default interrupt descriptor table
  15.7.5 base_idt_load: load the base IDT into the current processor
  15.7.6 base_tss: default task state segment
  15.7.7 base_tss_init: initialize the base task state segment
  15.7.8 base_tss_load: load the base TSS into the current processor
 15.8 (X86) Base Environment: Trap Handling
  15.8.1 trap_state: saved state format used by the default trap handler
  15.8.2 base_trap_init: initialize the processor trap vectors in the base IDT
  15.8.3 base_trap_inittab: initialization table for the default trap entrypoints
  15.8.4 base_trap_handlers: Array of handler routines for hardware traps
  15.8.5 base_trap_default_handler: default trap handler for unexpected traps
  15.8.6 trap_dump: dump a saved trap state structure
  15.8.7 trap_dump_panic: dump a saved trap state structure
 15.9 (X86) Base Environment: Page Translation
  15.9.1 base_paging_init: create minimal kernel page tables and enable paging
  15.9.2 base_pdir_pa: initial kernel page directory
  15.9.3 pdir_find_pde: find an entry in a page directory given a linear address
  15.9.4 ptab_find_pte: find an entry in a page table given a linear address
  15.9.5 pdir_find_pte: look up a page table entry from a page directory
  15.9.6 pdir_get_pte: retrieve the contents of a page table entry
  15.9.7 ptab_alloc: allocate a page table page and clear it to zero
  15.9.8 ptab_free: free a page table allocated using ptab_alloc
  15.9.9 pdir_map_page: map a 4KB page into a linear address space
  15.9.10 pdir_unmap_page: unmap a single 4KB page mapping
  15.9.11 pdir_map_range: map a contiguous range of physical addresses
  15.9.12 pdir_prot_range: change the permissions on a mapped memory range
  15.9.13 pdir_unmap_range: remove a mapped range of linear addresses
  15.9.14 pdir_clean_range: free unused page table pages in a page directory
  15.9.15 pdir_dump: dump the contents of a page directory and all its page tables
  15.9.16 ptab_dump: dump the contents of a page table
 15.10 (X86) Base Environment: Protected-mode entry and exit
 15.11 (X86 PC) Base Environment: Physical Memory Management
  15.11.1 phys_lmm.h: Physical memory management for PCs
  15.11.2 phys_mem_max: Highest physical memory address
  15.11.3 phys_lmm_init: Initialize kernel physical memory LMM
  15.11.4 phys_lmm_add: Add memory to the kernel physical memory LMM
 15.12 (X86 PC) Base Environment: Interrupt Support
  15.12.1 base_irq.h: Hardware interrupt definitions for standard PCs
  15.12.2 base_irq_handlers: Array of handler routines for hardware interrupts
  15.12.3 base_irq_init: Initialize hardware interrupts
  15.12.4 base_irq_inittab: initialization table for default interrupt entrypoints
  15.12.5 base_irq_default_handler: default IRQ handler for unexpected interrupts
  15.12.6 base_irq_nest: interrupt nesting counter and software interrupt flag
  15.12.7 base_irq_softint_request: request a software interrupt
  15.12.8 base_irq_softint_handler: Pointer to handler for software interrupts
 15.13 (X86 PC) Base Environment: Console Support
  15.13.1 base_console.h: definitions for base console support
  15.13.2 base_console_init: Initialize the base console
  15.13.3 base_cooked_termios: Default termios setting for cooked-mode console
  15.13.4 base_raw_termios: Default termios setting for raw-mode console
  15.13.5 direct_cons_getchar: wait for and read a character from the keyboard
  15.13.6 direct_cons_putchar: write a character to the video console
  15.13.7 direct_cons_trygetchar: read an available character from the keyboard
  15.13.8 com_cons_init: initialize a serial port
  15.13.9 com_cons_getchar: wait for and read a character from a serial port
  15.13.10 com_cons_putchar: write a character to a serial port
  15.13.11 com_cons_flush: delay until all output is flushed on a serial line
  15.13.12 com_cons_enable_receive_interrupt: enable receive interrupts on a serial port
 15.14 (X86 PC) MultiBoot Startup
  15.14.1 Startup code organization
  15.14.2 Startup sequence
  15.14.3 Memory model
  15.14.4 Command-line arguments
  15.14.5 Linking MultiBoot kernels
  15.14.6 multiboot.h: Definitions of MultiBoot structures and constants
  15.14.7 boot_info: MultiBoot information structure
  15.14.8 multiboot_main: general MultiBoot initialization
  15.14.9 base_multiboot_init_mem: physical memory initialization
  15.14.10 base_multiboot_init_cmdline: command-line preprocessing
  15.14.11 base_multiboot_find: find a MultiBoot boot module by name
  15.14.12 Multiboot Specification
 15.15 (X86 PC) Raw BIOS Startup
 15.16 (X86 PC) DOS Startup
 15.17 Remote Kernel Debugging with GDB
  15.17.1 Organization of remote GDB support code
  15.17.2 Using the remote debugging code
  15.17.3 Debugging address spaces other than the kernel’s
  15.17.4 gdb_state: processor register state frame used by GDB
  15.17.5 gdb_trap: default trap handler for remote GDB debugging
  15.17.6 gdb_copyin: safely read data from the subject’s address space
  15.17.7 gdb_copyout: safely write data into the subject’s address space
  15.17.8 gdb_trap_recover: recovery pointer for safe memory transfer routines
  15.17.9 gdb_signal: vector to GDB trap/signal handler routine
  15.17.10 gdb_set_trace_flag: enable or disable single-stepping in a state frame
  15.17.11 gdb_breakpoint: macro to generate a manual instruction breakpoint
 15.18 Serial-line Remote Debugging with GDB
  15.18.1 Redirecting console output to the remote debugger
  15.18.2 gdb_serial_signal: primary event handler in the GDB stub
  15.18.3 gdb_serial_exit: notify the remote debugger that the subject is dead
  15.18.4 gdb_serial_getchar: input a character from the remote debugger’s console
  15.18.5 gdb_serial_putchar: output a character to the remote debugger’s console
  15.18.6 gdb_serial_puts: output a line to the remote debugger’s console
  15.18.7 gdb_serial_recv: vector to GDB serial line receive function
  15.18.8 gdb_serial_send: vector to GDB serial line send function
  15.18.9 gdb_pc_com_init: (X86 PC) set up serial-line debugging over a COM port
 15.19 Annotations
  15.19.1 anno.h: (X86) generic macros to place annotations in kernel code.
  15.19.2 anno_dump: dump all annotation tables
  15.19.3 anno_find_exact: find annotation table exactly entry matching a value.
  15.19.4 anno_find_lower: find greatest annotation table entry below a value.
  15.19.5 anno_init: initialize annotation tables and sort the entries.
  15.19.6 anno_intr: (X86) interrupt annotations
  15.19.7 anno_trap: (X86) trap annotations
 15.20 Boot Module Filesystem
  15.20.1 start_fs_bmod: Create the BMOD filesystem
 15.21 Signals
  15.21.1 oskit_sendsig_init: initialize kernel signal delivery
  15.21.2 oskit_sendsig: deliver a signal
  15.21.3 sendsig_trap_handler: convert trap into a signal
16 Symmetric Multiprocessing: liboskit_smp.a
 16.1 Introduction
 16.2 Supported Systems
  16.2.1 Intel x86
  16.2.2 External dependencies
 16.3 API reference
  16.3.1 smp_init: Initializes the SMP startup code
  16.3.2 smp_find_cur_cpu: Return the processor ID of the current processor.
  16.3.3 smp_find_cpu: Return the next processor ID
  16.3.4 smp_start_cpu: Starts a processor running a specified function
  16.3.5 smp_get_num_cpus: Returns the total number of processors
  16.3.6 smp_map_range: Request the OS map physical memory
  16.3.7 smp_init_paging: Tell the SMP code that paging is being enabled
  16.3.8 smp_message_pass: Send an inter-processor interrupt to another CPU
  16.3.9 smp_message_pass_enable:
  16.3.10 smp_apic_ack: (X86) acknowledge an inter-processor interrupt
17 Kernel Device Driver Support: liboskit_dev.a
 17.1 Introduction
 17.2 Device Registration
 17.3 Naming
 17.4 Memory Allocation
 17.5 Buffer Management
 17.6 Processor Bus Resource Management
18 Unix User-Mode Environment: liboskit_unix.a
 18.1 Introduction
  18.1.1 Supported Platforms
  18.1.2 Native OS library
 18.2 Converting your OSKit kernel to run on Unix
 18.3 Building for Unix user-mode
 18.4 Running OSKit kernels with Unix support
  18.4.1 Disk
  18.4.2 Networking
19 OSKit “Quick Start” Library: liboskit_startup.a
 19.1 Introduction
 19.2 General
  19.2.1 start_world: initialize everything imaginable
  19.2.2 start_clock: initialize and register a default clock object
  19.2.3 start_console: initialize a full POSIX console device
  19.2.4 start_cq_console: initialize a CQ console interface
  19.2.5 start_osenv: creates a default “OS environment” object
  19.2.6 start_pthreads: initialize the threading system
  19.2.7 start_devices: probe and initialize all device drivers
  19.2.8 start_foox: the start_foox call
 19.3 Disk and Filesystem
  19.3.1 start_fs: Initialize the root filesystem for a kernel
  19.3.2 start_fs_on_blkio: Initialize the root filesystem for a kernel from a blkio
  19.3.3 start_fs_bmod: Initialize the root filesystem for a kernel from a bmod
 19.4 Network
 19.5 Misc
  19.5.1 start_svm: Initialize the SVM subsystem
  19.5.2 start_svm_on_blkio: Initialize the SVM subsystem from blkio interface
IV  Component Libraries
20 POSIX Interface Library: liboskit_posix.a
 20.1 Introduction
 20.2 Modified Functions
  20.2.1 getdtablesize: get descriptor table size
  20.2.2 mmap, munmap, mprotect: map files into memory
  20.2.3 getpid: get process id
  20.2.4 gettimeofday: get current time
 20.3 POS